IV. Kuyesa Kutulutsa Kanthu kwa Transformer Youma

1. Kusanthula kwa Mafunde a Kutuluka Kwakanthawi

Mphamvu yamagetsi kudutsa mu chipangizo chozindikira cha Zm (ndiko kuti, chizindikiro chozindikira) ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo iyenera kukulitsidwa kuti ipereke chizindikiro chodziwika bwino pa chipangizocho. Mtengo wapamwamba wa chizindikiro cha pulse chomwe chimakulitsidwa ndi amplifier ukhoza kuyezedwa ndi oscilloscope. Kuphatikiza apo, oscilloscope imatha kuwonanso gawo lomwe kutulutsa kumachitika mu mphamvu yamagetsi, kudziwa nthawi ya mafunde a pulse ndi nthawi yotulutsa, ndikuwona mawonekedwe a kutulutsa konsekonse. Kuti mudziwe malo oyerekeza ndi mtundu wa kutulutsa. Oscilloscopes imatha kuskenwa mopingasa komanso mozungulira. Kuskena mopingasa kumachitika ndi kupotoza kwa skrini yonse kofanana ndi kuzungulira kamodzi ndikugwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yoyesera kuti mudziwe gawo la pulse. Kuskena kwa elliptical nakonso ndikofanana ndi kuzungulira kamodzi kwa mphamvu yoyesera pa kuzungulira konse. Chithunzi 4-1 Chithunzi cha mawonekedwe a mafunde pazenera la njira ziwiri zoskena.

Chithunzi 4-1

Mu mayeso otulutsa pang'ono, kuwonjezera pa kutenthetsa pang'ono kwamkati kungapangidwe, kulumikizana kwa lead, kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi nyali ya fluorescent, korona yamagetsi yamagetsi okwera, ndi zina zotero, zingakhudzenso mawonekedwe a mafunde a kutulutsa pang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe a mafunde a kutulutsa pang'ono ndi kusokoneza kwina mkati mwa kutenthetsa. Chithunzi 4-2 ndi mawonekedwe angapo a mafunde wamba.

Chithunzi 4-2

2. Kuzindikira kwa Spectrum ya Kutuluka Kwakanthawi

Chithunzi 4-3 chikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma oscillogram otulutsa pang'ono, omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi mphamvu yoyambira. Zithunzi (a), (b), (c) ndi (d) ndi zitsanzo zoyambira za kutulutsa pang'ono, ndipo (e), (f) ndi (g) ndi zitsanzo zoyambira za mafunde osokoneza.

Chithunzi 4-3

Mu (a), pali mpata umodzi wokha wa mpweya wolunjika ku mbali ya magetsi mu kapangidwe ka insulating, ndipo kugunda kwa mpweya kumayikidwa pamalo omwe ali pakati pa nsonga zabwino ndi zoyipa. Kutalika kwa mpweya ndi mafupipafupi a pulse mbali zonse ziwiri za symmetry ndizofanana. Koma nthawi zina kutalika kwapamwamba ndi kotsika kwa 3:1 asymmetry kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino. Ubale pakati pa kutulutsa mpweya ndi magetsi oyesera ndi wakuti pambuyo potulutsa mpweya koyamba, kutulutsa mpweya kumawonjezeka kufika pamlingo winawake, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kumakhalabe kosasintha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi oyesera. Mphamvu yozimitsira mpweya imakhala yofanana kapena yotsika pang'ono kuposa mphamvu yoyambira.

Mu (b), kapangidwe ka insulation kali ndi mipata ya mpweya ya kukula kosiyanasiyana, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yotchingira. Pamene pulse yotulutsa mpweya imayikidwa pamalopo isanafike nsonga zabwino ndi zoyipa, matalikidwe ndi mafupipafupi a mbali ziwiri zofanana za pulse zimakhala zofanana, koma nthawi zina asymmetry ya matalikidwe apamwamba ndi otsika a 3:1 akadali abwinobwino. Poyamba kutulutsa mpweya, pulse yotulutsa mpweya imatha kuthetsedwa, kenako magetsi amakwera, ma pulse ena amasunthira ku malo a zero voltage, nthawi yomweyo padzakhala pulse yayikulu, pulse resolution imachepa pang'onopang'ono, mpaka singathe kuthetsedwa. Pambuyo pa kutulutsa mpweya koyamba, kutulutsa mpweya kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi, ndipo magetsi ozimitsa moto amakhala ofanana kapena otsika kuposa magetsi oyamba.

Mu (c), pali mpweya umodzi wokha womwe uli mu kapangidwe ka insulating. Yankho lotulutsa mpweya pamwamba pa elekitirodi ndi losiyana ndi la dielectric. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umakhala pamwamba pa nsonga zabwino ndi zoyipa za voltage, ndipo kukula kwa mbali zonse ziwiri sikofanana, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwakukulu kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukula kochepa kumakhala kwakukulu. Chiŵerengero nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu kuposa 3:1 ndipo nthawi zina 10:1. Yankho lonse lotulutsa mpweya limatha kudziwika. Kutulutsa mpweya kukayamba, kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa mpweya sikunasinthe kwenikweni ndipo sikukhudzana ndi kukwera kwa voltage. Voltage yozimitsa moto imakhala yofanana kapena yocheperako pang'ono pa voltage yoyambira.
 
Mu (d), (1) pali mipata ya mpweya yosiyanasiyana pamwamba pa elekitirodi, koma ndi yotsekedwa; (2) Mpata wamagetsi pakati pa elekitirodi ndi chotetezera kutentha sunatsekedwe. Chiŵerengero cha amplitude pakati pa mbali ziwiri nthawi zambiri chimakhala 3:1 ndipo nthawi zina 10:1 chisanatuluke mpweya wotuluka pamwamba pa peak yoyipa ya voltage. Pamene magetsi akukwera, gawo la mpweya limayenda kupita ku zero. Pambuyo poyambitsa kutulutsa, mphamvu ya mpweya imakhala yolondola. Pitirizani kuwonjezera mphamvu, ndipo mphamvuyo imatsika mpaka itakhala yosiyana. Pambuyo potulutsa mpweya koyamba, mphamvu ya mpweya wotuluka imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi kukwera kwa magetsi, ndipo mphamvu yozimitsa moto imakhala yofanana kapena yotsika pang'ono kuposa mphamvu yoyambira. Ngati magetsi amatenga mphindi 10, yankho la mpweya wotuluka lidzasintha pang'ono.

(e) Gwero la kusokoneza ndi madzi pakati pa nsonga ya singano ndi mbale yathyathyathya kapena dziko lapansi. Kutuluka kwa corona kumachitika pa voteji yotsika, ndipo kutulutsa kwa mpweya kumayikidwa pamalo okwera a voteji. Monga pa negative peak. Mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu; Ngati ili pamalo abwino, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa malo a zero a voteji, ndipo ma pulses awiri amawoneka ofanana pama voteji abwino kapena oipa, okhala ndi magawo ofanana pa gulu lililonse la ma pulses otulutsa mpweya. Komabe, kutalika ndi nthawi ya magulu awiriwa ndi zosiyana, ndipo gulu laling'ono lili ndi mphamvu yofanana ndipo ndi lolimba kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumakhala ndi voteji yotsika yoyambirira ndipo kutulutsa kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voteji. Volteji yoyambirira ya gulu la ma pulses ang'onoang'ono ndi yayikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa mpweya sikudalira voteji ndipo sikusintha. Volteji ikakwera, kuchuluka kwa ma pulses kumawonjezeka, koma kumasiyanabe. Volteji ikakwera, imakhala yosasiyana.

(f) Nsonga ya singano motsutsana ndi mpweya wathyathyathya kapena wa padziko lapansi. Kutuluka kwa corona kumachitika pamagetsi otsika, ndipo kugunda kwa kutulutsa kumayikidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri a voltage. Monga momwe zilili ndi negative peak, magetsi amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu; Ngati ali pamalo abwino, mphamvu imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa zero ya voltage. Pambuyo pa kutulutsa koyamba, mphamvu imawonjezeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa sikunasinthe, koma kuchuluka kwa pulse kumafalikira mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kumawonjezeka, koma kumakhala kosiyana. Pamene magetsi akuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa pulse kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mpaka kosayerekezeka.

(g) Kutuluka kwa magetsi pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zachitsulo zopachikidwa m'munda wamagetsi, kapena pakati pa chinthu chachitsulo ndi nthaka.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma waveform:

1. Mbali zabwino ndi zoyipa zili ndi ma pulse amplitude ofanana, nthawi yofanana komanso ma frequency ofanana;

2 Ma pulse mbali zonse ziwiri amawoneka awiriawiri, ndi mipata yofanana ya awiriawiri, ndipo nthawi zina amasuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kudutsa mzere woyambira.

Pali mitundu itatu ya kusamba koyamba:

(1) Kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa sikunasinthe, kopanda mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yozimitsira ndi yofanana kwathunthu ndi mphamvu yoyambira.

(2) Voltage ikupitirira kukwera, ndipo pa voltage inayake, kutuluka kwa magetsi kumazimiririka mwadzidzidzi. Voltage ikapitirira kukwera kenako nkutsika, imatulukanso pa voltage yomwe inali ikutha kale.

(1) Mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya ikawonjezeka, mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya imachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kugunda kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka.